Water-heater



(No Model.) 3 sheets-sheet 1.

E. GQHALL. WATER HEATER.

No'. 524,897. Patented Aug. 21, 1894i` (No Model.) 3 sheets-sheet 2. E.Y C. HALL. WATER HEATER.

No. 524,897; Patented Aug. 21; 1894.

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(No Model.) A l 3 sheets-sheet s.

E. C. HALL.

#WATER HEATER.

No. 524,897. Patented Aug. 21,1894.

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" UNITED .i STATES PATENT OFFICE. A

ELIJAH C. HALL, OF SOUTH BRAINTREE, MASSACHUSETTS.

WATER-HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 524,897, dated August 21, 1894.

` y Application ned May 8,1894. serial No. 610,476. (No man.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, ELIJAH C. HALL, residing in South Braintree, in the county of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Water-Heaters, of

which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, likeletters and figures on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to Va water heater,

and has for its object to improve and simplify the construction of the same, whereby a compact, efcient and economic heater maybe obtained. y y. One feature of this invention consists in constructing the heater as will be described, so that the water to be heated is exposed to a maximum amount of heat in a substantially small heater, and this result is accomplished by constructing the walls of the :tire pot as a hollow casing having inwardly projecting arms and supporting on said arms a hollow structure constituting the main portion of the heater, which structure is thereby located above the tire pot withinthe inner circumference or walls of the sam-e, so that the hollow structure issituated above the hottest part of the re pot and is surrounded by the gases and products of combustion, thereby exposing the water in said hollow structur to a maximum heat. i

Another feature of the invention consists in a novel construction of the walls" of the fire pot, whereby an increased heating surface is obtained, as will be described.

. These and other features of this invention will be pointed out in the claims at the end of this specification.

the said casing forming the walls of the fire Figure 1, is a front velevation partially broken out, of the tire pot walls and the columns of a heater embodying this invention; Fig. 2, atransverse section on the line 2 2, Fig. l; Fig. 3, a vertical section of the completeheater on the line'3-3, Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a sectional detail to show the indirect draft, the section being taken on the'line` 4 4, Fig. 3, and Fig. 5, a topor plan View of the form of grate preferred by me.

Referringto Fig. 1, A represents a hollow casing/.preferably -of cylindrical shape, but which,V may be square or of any desired form,

pot or combustion chamber A' of the heater. The hollow casing Aiscomposed of'an outer vertical wall a, an inner vertical wall a .and connecting top and bottom walls a2 as.

In accordance with this invention, the hollow casing A has communicating with it, a water containing structure B preferably circular in form and smallerin diameter orcross section than the casing A,the said structure being supported above but within the inner walls ofthe casing A, for a purpose as will be described. This water containing structlure consists essentially of three parts, viz:-

a hollow base ai, (see Fig. 3) preferably cylin- `drical in form, a substantially circular dome a6, and an intermediate hollow body portion preferably made as hereinshown,'the front part or half a7 of the said body portion being `made as one piece with a substantiallylarge opening as forming the fuel inlet` for the tire pot, and the rear half or part of the said body fportion being composed .of -a plurality of hollow columns a9. The front halfonpart @L7-of the saidbody portion is provided above the fuel inlet opening ou8 with Vone or more ports j or openings am, which extend entirely through `,the body portion, for a purpose as will be described. f

The structure B is supported above and within the casing A preferably by means of a plurality of inwardly projecting hollow arms aherein shown as three in number (see Fig. 2) and cast integral with the casing A, the said arms forming part ot' the inne'r wall a of said casing as shown in Fig. 3. In the present instance, the base a5 is connected to the arr'nsa12 by hollow nipples or pipe connections @15, which may be provided at their op posite ends with right and leftscrew threads ses to engage like screw-threaded openings in the p bottom ot the base a5 and in the top of .the arrnsa, as clearly shown in Fig. 3. These arms al? are made substantially large andradiate or extend toward the center of. thetire pot, so as to present a substantially large surface to `the direct action of the hottest portion of the tire pot, and to obtain a further increased heating surface, I prefer to cast the inner wall. a of the casing A with additional smaller-.inwardly projecting portions orhol low ribs a14 (see Figs. 1 and 2), and these hollow ribs may be distributed about the inner wall ain anydesired number after the manner shownin Fig. 2, The ,casing A is pro.

preferably will be made in two parts` 2, 3, asv

represented in Fig. 4, which may be fastened together by screws4 or in other suitable manner, and for the-best yresults, the shell B' is A enlarged or made of greater diameterat its lower part as at 5, to form asubstantially wide ashpit 6 (see Fig. 3). The shell B is made'of sufficiently large diameter to vleave a space 7 around and outside of the water containing structure B, and at its upper end the shell B is provided with a substantially annular passage c, formed by the walls c', c2, c3 (see Fig. 3) secu red to or forming part of the said shell,l the said shell forming the fourth wall of the passage c. The annular passage c communicates at the rear side of the heater with a pass-age c4 leading, to the pipe c5 connected with the iiue or chimney not shown, and at the front of the heater, the passage c terminates substantially above the opening as for the' ire pot-f, thus leaving a space or opening c6 (see Fig. 4) which communicates with the space 7 and also with the space within the water containing structure B. The passage c forms the indirect draft, channel or passage, which-aords an outlet for the products of combustiomwhen the direct draft or outlet from the space 7 to the flue c5 is closed by the damper c7, as shown in Fig. 3. The damper c7 may bel of any desired orsuitableconstruction, and is shown as fast oin a rod o9 operated from outside the heater. The passage c4 is provided with a door 01 hinged at its upper end as at 012 and adapted to be` opened to regulate the draft.

In the present instance, the hollow casing A isshown as resting upon aring d of metal preferably provided with ribs d on its inner circumference, and the ring d is represented; as resting directly upon lugs or ears d2 of a ring d3 forming part of the grateV in the fire pot, the lugs d2 being shown as supported by an annular ange d4 on the inner side of thel lower portion of theshell B. The grate for the fire box is'preferably made as shown in 5, it consisting of thek annular ring d3 provided'with inwardly projecting arms or lingers d5 d6 between which extend fingers 0V d8 on barsl di dwsuitably journaled in the lugs- The' bars di d10 have extended i or ears d2. from their other side fingers d12 dlg, whichcooperate with and extend between lingers d14 el15 on a central bar 1116 having bearings in the lugs d2, and one end of the central bar 116 is extended to theoutside of the heater, where it may be engaged bya suitable key or crankv whenv it is; desired to shake the grate. Each bardi, (119, d1? is provided on its under' side with a depending lug d", only one of which tory material e4.

Vo by means of a cock or valve 626.

is shownA in Fig. 3, the said lugs being joined together .by a connecting.. .rod or bar dlg, whereby' the rocking motion imparted to the central bar dw willbe transmitted to the bars dg, d10 by the link 118, and all three sections and the substantially triangular spaces formed by the front plate e, side plates e2 e3, and the shell B and shown in Fig. 4, are preferably filled with fire brick or other refrac- Furthermore, the shell B above the casing A is also preferably protected by a lining e5 of tire brick or other refractory material, an opening e6; beingfleft in' the liningA e5 substantially in line with the fuel inlet d8, the opening e6 being normallyv closed by a door e9. The clinker opening e andthe opening e10 in the ash-pit are also nor- 4mally closed' by sui-table doors e12 @13 respectively.

, The water inlet b for the vhollow. casing Ay has connected to .it a pipe e15 forming .part of aT @16 to which may be connected the return pipes e17 for the heater,-and iin4 practice, there may be any desire-dnumber of return pipes according to the capacityofv the heater and the number of branches to be connected thereto. y

yThe outlet b for the dome aihasvconnected to it a pipe @20, preferably also forming part of a T e21 to which the delivery. pipes of the system a-re connected and which pipes are not herein shown.

Theoperation of myimproved heater maybe briefly explained as follows-: The heater and the system of pipes connected therewith. are

` filled with water, which may be accomplished by connecting a suitable-faucet e, represented as leading from the T 916, with astreet main or other suitable source of supply, and after the heater and its system ofw pipes have IOO IIO

been filled withwater, the supply may be shnt Theiire is started in the tire pot,and the products of combustion pass upwardwithin and outsidey of the hollow water containing sti-uctureB, the products which pass vwithin the hollow structure being permittedtol escape into the space 7 through the passagewaysor openings/Jc be-Y tween the columns, and' from the space 17 the products of lcombustion pass directly to theV outletpipe c5, the damper c7 being at such timey open. It will be noticed that-'the water inthe hollow casing A is exposed to the heat of they fire pot, and by reason of the-inwardly project-l ing armed12 supporting the hollow'st'ructuregB j above but within the diameter of the' fire pot, the water f contained in they hollow base a5, and the upright columns a? are exposed on all sides to the action' of the heat', so that the said hollow base a and columns a9 are practically surrounded by flame, by which means a maximum heating effect is obtained in a substantially small heater. After the smoke and gases have been burned offfrom the fuel, the damper c7 may be closed, that is, turned into the position represented in Fig. 3, and in this case, the products of combustion fromwithin the hollow structure B are permitted to pass through the openings d10 into the passage c6, and the products of ycombustion in the space 7 are also permittedto pass into the space 6, from whence the current or draftdivides and passes through the passage c in the direction indicated byarrows in Fig. 4, until the currents of heat are re-united in the passageway e c4, from whence they pass to the outlet pipe c5. By means of the inwardly projecting arms 01.12 being made of considerable size, a substantially large or increased heating surface is exposed to the direct action of the hottest part of the tire in the fire pot, which assists to more quickly heat the water, and fur.-

thermore by making the inwardly projecting ribs 01.14 on the inner circumference of the casing A, a still further increased heating surface is obtained. The heated water rises from the hollow 'casin g A, passes through the nipples or pipe connections n.15 into the hollow base a5, from whence it passes up through the columns into the dome a6, and from thence out through the system of` delivery pipes, through the various radiators connected with thesystem, and returns bythe pipes e into the hollow casing A.

By supporting the hollow structure B upon the inwardly projecting arms n.12, the said hollow structure is brought substantially toward the center of the fire pot and is thereby exposed to the greatest heat, which results in a maximum heating eiect with a minimum amount of fuel.

I claimj 1. In a water heater, the' combination with a hollow casing forming the walls of a fire pot and provided' with inwardly projecting hollow arms, of a hollow water containingstructure supported `above the s aid re pot upon the said'arms and comprising a hollow base, a hollow top or dome, and an intermediate body `portion having openings through which the heat from the fire pot may pass to the outer side of the said body portion, the said hollow structure communicating with the said hollow casing for the circulation of the water, substantially as described.

2. In a water heater, the combination with the hollow casing A provided with the substantially large inwardly projecting hollow Varms and with smaller inwardly projecting as described.

3. In a water heater, a hollow easing lpro i vided'with inwardly projecting arms an, a hollow base supported by and communicating with said arms, hollow columns erected on ,said hollow base, a hollow dome with which said columns communicate, an inclosing shell or jacket surrounding the said columns to leave a passage 7,`and passage c forthe indi-` rect draft having its walls secured to the said shell or jacket, substantially as described.

44.. In a water heater, a hollow'casing provided with substantially large inwardly projecting hollow arms, and forming the fire pot of the heater, a hollow water containing structure supported upon the said arms and of less diameter than the diameter of the inner wall of thesaid hollow casing to permit the water containing structure to be surrounded by heat, substantially as described.

5. In a water heater, a h ollow casingA provided with substantially large inwardly projecting hollow arms al? and with smaller inwardly projecting ribs, a hollow structure supported on the arms a.12 and comprising a hollow base a5, dome 0.6 and intermediate hollow body portion having its front provided with a fuel inlet opening and with ports or openings d10 above the fuel inlet opening, and having its rear portion composed of hollow columns, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ELU AH C. HALL.

Witnesses: i

JAS. 1I. CHURCHILL, J. MURPHY. 

